Cholesteatoma: understanding and managing this uncommon ear condition
Cholesteatoma is a non-cancerous growth in the middle ear, behind the eardrum. This growth is made up of skin cells and can cause serious damage to the delicate structures of the middle ear, including the bones that transmit sound and the inner ear. Cholesteatoma can cause a range of symptoms, including hearing loss, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), vertigo (dizziness), and infection. Cholesteatoma is a condition that can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This article offers a comprehensive overview of cholesteatoma, its causes, symptoms, and management solutions.
What causes cholesteatoma?
The exact cause of cholesteatoma is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to repeated episodes of middle ear infections, poor eustachian tube function, or a congenital (present at birth) malformation of the eardrum.
The diagnosis of cholesteatoma can be challenging, as the symptoms can be mistaken for those of other ear conditions. However, a thorough evaluation by an experienced Audiologist is essential in making an accurate diagnosis. A diagnostic assessment may include a thorough history, physical examination, and audiometric testing. Your Audiologist may also refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for a more detailed evaluation, which may include a CT scan or MRI of the inner ear.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The signs of cholesteatoma can vary, depending on the extent of the growth and the damage it has caused to the middle ear. Some of the most common signs include:
Hearing loss: Cholesteatoma can cause progressive hearing loss in the affected ear.
Tinnitus: Ringing, pulsing or other noises in the affected ear can be a sign of cholesteatoma.
Vertigo: Dizziness or spinning sensations can be a sign of cholesteatoma.
Ear discharge: A discharge from the affected ear can be a sign of cholesteatoma.
Pain: Pain or discomfort in the affected ear can be a sign of cholesteatoma.
Impaired balance: Cholesteatoma can cause impaired balance and unsteadiness.
The management of cholesteatoma requires prompt and effective intervention to prevent further damage to the middle ear. In some cases, this may involve surgical removal of the growth, which is usually performed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. In other cases, medical management may be recommended, including antibiotics to control infection, anti-inflammatory medication to reduce inflammation, and steroids to control swelling.
A successful outcome of cholesteatoma management will depend on a range of factors, including the extent of the growth and the damage it has caused to the middle ear. In most cases, surgical removal of the growth will result in a significant improvement in hearing, as well as a reduction in other symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo, and pain. In cases where medical management is recommended, regular follow-up with your Audiologist and ENT specialist will be essential to monitor your progress and ensure that your symptoms are effectively managed.
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