Hyperacusis: understanding the condition and its management
Hyperacusis is a condition in which a person experiences an increased sensitivity to sounds, making them seem louder than they actually are. This can cause discomfort, pain, and even avoidance of everyday sounds. The condition can significantly impact the quality of life, making it difficult for people to carry out everyday activities.
Hyperacusis is a condition in which a person perceives sound as much louder than it is. The condition is believed to be caused by damage to the inner ear, auditory nerve, or auditory pathways which are responsible for transmitting sound signals to the brain. In some cases, hyperacusis can be caused by damage to the brain or concussion, including the auditory cortex, the part of the brain that processes sound.
Hyperacusis can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in adults and older individuals. People who have suffered from a sudden, loud noise exposure, such as an explosion, may develop hyperacusis. Additionally, people with a history of ear infections, tinnitus, or Meniere's disease may also be at a higher risk of developing the condition.
The signs and symptoms of hyperacusis may include:
Aversion to sounds that were previously tolerable or even pleasurable
Avoidance of loud sounds. This can even include some soft to moderate level sounds
Pain or discomfort in response to sounds
Anxiety or panic attacks in response to sounds
Diagnosis of hyperacusis can be challenging, and may involve a thorough evaluation of the individual's medical history, symptoms, and hearing tests. An audiogram, which measures hearing thresholds, loudness discomfort levels, which measures an individual's tolerance to sound and tympanometry, which measure the health and function of the middle ear system, may be performed to determine the extent of the person's hearing loss and to rule out other causes of their symptoms.
The goal of hyperacusis treatment is to reduce sensitivity to sound and to improve the person's quality of life. There is no cure for hyperacusis, but instead various management and treatment options are available. These include:
Sound therapy: This involves gradually exposing the person to sounds that they find uncomfortable, with the goal of increasing their tolerance to sound over time. This therapy is typically delivered by an experienced Audiologist and may involve the use of specialised sound-generating devices.
Hearing devices: Types of hearing devices use to deliver sound at a low level can increase a persons tolerance to sound over time and reduce their sensitivity.
Non-linear ear plugs: Specialist custom made ear plugs which have a passive non-linear filter help to reduce moderate to higher intensity sounds so that individuals are able to tolerate environments and continue to engage socially.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy: This form of therapy can help people with hyperacusis to manage their anxiety and stress in response to sounds.
Medications: Some medications, such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants, may be used to reduce sensitivity to sound.
Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): This therapy involves the use of sound therapy and counseling to reduce the perception of tinnitus and increase tolerance to sound.
A good outcome for hyperacusis treatment allows a reduction in sensitivity to sound and an improvement in the person's quality of life. With the right treatment, many people with hyperacusis are able to tolerate sounds that were previously uncomfortable or painful, allowing them to carry out everyday activities without discomfort or fear.
If hyperacusis is not treated, the person's sensitivity to sound may continue to worsen, leading to increased discomfort and avoidance of sounds. This can result in social isolation and a decrease in the person's quality of life.
Hyperacusis is a condition that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. With the right treatment and management, many people with hyperacusis are able to reduce their sensitivity to sound and improve their overall quality of life. If you are experiencing symptoms of hyperacusis, contact an experienced Audiologist.
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